Saya John Kay ဘာသာေရး အယူဝါဒက ဥပုသ္ေနသြန္သင္ၾကပါတယ္

The seventh-day Sabbath, observed from Friday evening to Saturday evening (exact start and ending times varying from group to group), is an important part of the beliefs and practices of seventh-day churches. These churches emphasize biblical references such as the ancient Hebrew practice of beginning a day at sundown, and the Genesis creation narrative wherein an "evening and morning" established a day, predating the giving of the Ten Commandments (thus the command to "remember" the sabbath). They hold that the Old and New Testament show no variation in the doctrine of the Sabbath on the seventh day. Saturday, or the seventh day in the weekly cycle, is the only day in all of scripture designated using the term Sabbath. The seventh day of the week is recognized as Sabbath in many languages, calendars, and doctrines, including those of Catholic, [1] Lutheran, [2] and Orthodox churches.[3] It is still observed in modern Judaism in relation to Mosaic Law. In addition, the Orthodox Tewahedo Churches uphold Sabbatarianism, observing the Sabbath on Saturday, in addition to the Lord's Day on Sunday.[4] 4/21/2019 Sabbath in seventh-day churches - Wikipedia https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabbath_in_seventh-day_churches 2/25 Catholic, Orthodox, and some Protestant denominations observe the Lord's Day on Sunday and hold that the Saturday Sabbath is no longer binding for Christians. On the other hand, Congregationalists, Presbyterians, Methodists, and Baptists, as well as many Episcopalians, have historically espoused the view of first-day Sabbatarianism, [5][6][7][8] describing the Sabbath as being 4/21/2019 Sabbath in seventh-day churches - Wikipedia https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabbath_in_seventh-day_churches 3/25 the Seventh-Day Evangelist Church, the Church of God (7th Day) headquartered in Salem, West Virginia, the Church of God (Seventh Day) conferences, True Jesus Church, the United Church of God, and the Church of God, a Worldwide Association, among many others. Main articles: Biblical Sabbath and Shabbat See also: Paul the Apostle and Judaism The sabbath was first described in the biblical account of the seventh day of creation. Observation and remembrance of the sabbath is one of the Ten Commandments (the fourth in the Eastern Orthodox and most Protestant traditions, the third in Roman Catholic and Lutheran traditions). Most people who observe the first-day or seventh-day sabbath regard it as having been instituted as a perpetual covenant: "Wherefore the children of Israel shall keep the sabbath, to observe the sabbath throughout their generations, for a perpetual covenant." (Exodus 31:13-17 ) (see also Exodus 23:12 , Deuteronomy 5:13-14 ) This rule also applies to strangers within their gates, a sign of respect for the day during which God rested after having completed creation in six days (Genesis 2:2-3 , Exodus 20:8-11 ). Early church Biblical Sabbath History 4/21/2019 Sabbath in seventh-day churches - Wikipedia https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabbath_in_seventh-day_churches 4/25 See also: Sabbath in Christianity Dr. Samuele Bacchiocchi, in his historical work From Sabbath to Sunday (1977),[10] documented the slow change from the original Saturday Sabbath to Sunday in the early Christian church due to pagan influence from the pagan converts, to social pressure against Judaism, and also to the decline of standards for the day.[11] In the change, the first day became called the "Lord's Day" as that was the name known as the sungod Baal to the pagans so they were familiar with it and put forth by the leaders in Rome to gain converts and got picked up by the Christians in Rome to differentiate themselves from the Jews, who had rebelled, and the Sabbath. According to Justin Martyr (lived 100 to 165), Christians also worshiped on Sunday because it "possessed a certain mysterious import", not anything commanded by the Apostles.[12] Seventh-day Adventists point out the role played by either the Pope, or by Roman Emperor Constantine I in the transition from Sabbath to Sunday, with Constantine's law declaring that Sunday was a day of rest for those not involved in farming work.[13][14] According to R. J. Bauckham, the post-apostolic church had diverse practices regarding the sabbath.[15] Emperor Aurelian began a new Sun cult in 274 A.D and pagan ordinances were instituted in order to transform the old Roman idolatry and the accession of Sun-worship.[16] Emperor Constantine then enacted the first Sunday Laws, for "the venerable Day of the Sun" in 321 A.D.[17] On March 7, 321, the Roman emperor Constantine I issued a decree making Sunday a day of rest from labor, stating:[18] 4/21/2019 Sabbath in seventh-day churches - Wikipedia https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabbath_in_seventh-day_churches 5/25 Hutton Webster's book Rest Days[19] states: Early Christian observance of both the spiritual seventh-day sabbath and a Lord's Day assembly is evidenced in a letter from Ignatius of Antioch to All judges and city people and the craftsmen shall rest upon the venerable day of the sun. Country people, however, may freely attend to the cultivation of the fields, because it frequently happens that no other days are better adapted for planting the grain in the furrows or the vines in trenches. So that the advantage given by heavenly providence may not for the occasion of a short time perish. This legislation by Constantine probably bore no relation to Christianity; it appears, on the contrary, that the emperor, in his capacity of Pontifex Maximus, was only adding the day of the Sun, the worship of which was then firmly established in the Roman Empire, to the other ferial days of the sacred calendar… What began, however, as a pagan ordinance, ended as a Christian regulation; and a long series of imperial decrees, during the fourth, fifth, and sixth centuries, enjoined with increasing stringency abstinence from labour on Sunday. 4/21/2019 Sabbath in seventh-day churches - Wikipedia https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabbath_in_seventh-day_churches 6/25 the Magnesians c. 110.[15][20] The Pseudo-Ignatian additions amplified this point by combining weekly observance of a spiritual seventh-day sabbath with the Lord's assembly.[21] If Pseudo-Ignatius dates as early as 140, its admonition must be considered important evidence on 2ndcentury sabbath and Lord's Day observance.[22] According to classical sources, widespread seventh-day sabbath rest by gentile Christians was also the prevailing mode in the 3rd and 4th centuries.[23][24] Ellen G. White (lived 1827-1915) states that ecumenical councils generally each pressed the sabbath down slightly lower and exalted Sunday correspondingly, and that the bishops eventually urged Constantine to syncretize the worship day in order to promote the nominal acceptance of Christianity by pagans. But "while many Godfearing Christians were gradually led to regard Sunday as possessing a degree of sacredness, they still held the [seventh-day] Sabbath".[25][26] Bauckham also states some church authorities continued to oppose this as a judaizing tendency.[15] In the 4th century, Socrates Scholasticus (Church History, Book V) stated:[23] For although almost all churches throughout the world celebrate the sacred mysteries on the sabbath of every week, yet the Christians of Alexandria and at Rome, on account of some ancient tradition, have ceased to do this. The Egyptians in the neighborhood of Alexandria, and the inhabitants of Thebaïs, hold their religious assemblies on 4/21/2019 Sabbath in seventh-day churches - Wikipedia https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabbath_in_seventh-day_churches 7/25 In the 5th century, Sozomen (Ecclesiastical History, Book VII), referencing Socrates Scholasticus, added to his description:[24] Middle Ages See also: Sabbath in Christianity § Africa The "Sabbath in Africa Study Group" (SIA), founded by Charles E. Bradford in 1991,[27] holds that the sabbath has existed in Africa since the beginning of recorded history. [28][29] Taddesse Tamrat has argued the sabbath, but do not participate in the mysteries in the manner usual among Christians in general: for after having eaten and satisfied themselves with food of all kinds, in the evening making their offerings they partake of the mysteries. Assemblies are not held in all churches on the same time or manner. The people of Constantinople, and almost everywhere, assemble together on the Sabbath, as well as on the first day of the week, which custom is never observed at Rome or at Alexandria. There are several cities and villages in Egypt where, contrary to the usage established elsewhere, the people meet together on Sabbath evenings, and, although they have dined previously, partake of the mysteries. 4/21/2019 Sabbath in seventh-day churches - Wikipedia https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabbath_in_seventh-day_churches 8/25 that this practice predates Saint Ewostatewos's advocacy of observing both Saturday and Sunday as days of sabbath, which led to his eventual exile from Ethiopia around 1337.[30] Emperor Zara Yaqob convened a synod at Tegulet in 1450 to discuss the sabbath question.[31][32][33] In Bohemia, as much as one quarter of the population kept seventh-day the sabbath in 1310. This practice continued until at least the 16th century, when Erasmus wrote about the practice.[34] The Unitarian Church condemned Sabbatarianism as innovation (forbidden by the Transylvanian law on religious toleration) in 1618. The last Sabbatarian congregation in Transylvania disappeared in the 19th century and the remaining Sabbatarians, who were known as "Somrei Sabat" (the Hungarian transliteration of the Hebrew words for "Sabbath observers") joined the existing Jewish communities, into which they were eventually absorbed. Sabbatarianism also expanded into Russia, where its adherents were called Subbotniks, and, from there, the movement expanded into other countries. Some of the Russian Subbotniks maintained a Christian identity doctrinally, while others formally converted to Judaism and assimilated within the Jewish communities of Russia. Some of the latter, however, who had become Jewish, although they and their descendants practiced Judaism and had not practiced Christianity for nearly two centuries, still retained a distinct identity as ethnic Russian converts to Judaism until later. A small number of the anti-Trinitarian Socinian churches of Eastern Europe and the Netherlands adopted the seventh day as the day of worship and rest. 4/21/2019 Sabbath in seventh-day churches - Wikipedia https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabbath_in_seventh-day_churches 9/25 Reformation Sects such as the Waldenses, Albigenses, and Leonists appear to have retained sabbath observance in Europe during the Middle Ages. A report of an inquisition, before which were brought some Waldenses of Moravia in the middle of the 15th century, declares that among the Waldenses "not a few indeed celebrate the Sabbath with the Jews."[35] The Taiping Rebellion kept the sabbath in China. The Goa Inquisition attacked Sabbatarian Saint Thomas Christians. At the time of the Protestant Reformation some Anabaptists, such as Oswald Glaidt, argued that the seventh day should be observed as the sabbath and that Sunday sabbath was an invention of the Pope.[36] Seventh-day Sabbatarianism was revived in 17th-century England. Early advocates included the Elizabethan Seventh-Day Men, the Traskites (after John Traske, 1586–1636), and Thomas Brabourne. The majority of seventh-day Sabbatarians were part of the Seventh Day Baptist church and experienced harsh opposition from Anglican authorities and Puritans. The first Seventh Day Baptist church in the United States was established in Rhode Island in 1671.[36] Seventh Day Baptists Modern churches 4/21/2019 Sabbath in seventh-day churches - Wikipedia https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabbath_in_seventh-day_churches 10/25 Seventh Day Baptists are Christian Baptists who observe seventh-day Sabbath. The Seventh Day Baptist World Federation today represents over 50,000 Baptists in 22 countries. It is the oldest modern Sabbatarian denomination. The first recorded Seventh Day Baptist meeting was held at The Mill Yard Church in London in 1651[37] under the leadership of Peter Chamberlen the third. Seventh-day Adventists See also: Biblical law in Seventh-day Adventism The Seventh-day Adventist Church is the largest modern seventh-day Sabbatarian denomination, with 18,778,626 members as of June 30, 2015 [38] and holds the sabbath as one of the Pillars of Adventism. [39] Seventhday Adventism grew out of the Millerite movement in the 1840s, and a few of its founders (Cyrus Farnsworth, Frederick Wheeler, a Methodist minister and Joseph Bates, a sea captain) were convinced in 1844-1845 of the importance of Sabbatarianism under the influence of Rachel Oakes Preston, a young Seventh Day Baptist laywoman living in Washington, New Hampshire and a published article in early 1845 on the topic (Hope of Israel) by Thomas M. Preble, pastor of the Free Will Baptist congregation in Nashua, New Hampshire. Seventh-day Adventists observe the sabbath from Friday evening to Saturday evening.[40] In places where the sun does not appear or does not set for several months, such as northern Scandinavia, the tendency is to regard an arbitrary time such as 6 p.m. as "sunset". During the 4/21/2019 Sabbath in seventh-day churches - Wikipedia https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabbath_in_seventh-day_churches 11/25 sabbath, Adventists avoid secular work and business, although medical relief and humanitarian work is accepted. Though there are cultural variations, most Adventists also avoid activities such as shopping, sport, and certain forms of entertainment. Adventists typically gather for church services on Saturday morning. Some also gather on Friday evening to welcome in the sabbath hours (sometimes called "vespers" or "opening Sabbath"), and some similarly gather at "closing Sabbath". Traditionally, Seventh-day Adventists hold that the Ten Commandments (including the fourth commandment concerning the sabbath) are part of the moral law of God, not abrogated by the teachings of Jesus Christ, which apply equally to Christians. [41] This was a common Christian understanding[42] before the Sabbatarian controversy led Sundaykeepers to adopt a more radical antinomian position. Adventists have traditionally distinguished between "moral law" and "ceremonial law", arguing that moral law continues to bind Christians, while events predicted by the ceremonial law were fulfilled by Christ's death on the cross. History Main article: History of the Seventh-day Adventist Church "Sabbatarian Adventists" emerged between 1845 and 1849 from within the Adventist movement of William Miller, later to become the Seventhday Adventists. Frederick Wheeler[43] began keeping the seventh day as the sabbath after personally studying the issue in March 1844 following a conversation with Rachel Preston, according to his later report.[44] He is reputed to be the first ordained Adventist minister to preach in support 4/21/2019 Sabbath in seventh-day churches - Wikipedia https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabbath_in_seventh-day_churches 12/25 of the sabbath. Several members of the church in Washington, New Hampshire, to whom he occasionally ministered, also followed his decision, forming the first Sabbatarian Adventist church.[45] These included William Farnsworth[46] and his brother Cyrus.[47] T. M. Preble soon accepted it from either Wheeler, Oakes, or someone else at the church. These events preceded the Great Disappointment, which followed shortly after, when Jesus did not return as Millerites expected on October 22, 1844. Preble was the first Millerite to promote the sabbath in print form, through the February 28, 1845, issue of the Adventist Hope of Israel in Portland, Maine. In March he published his sabbath views in tract form as A Tract, Showing that the Seventh Day Should be Observed as the Sabbath, Instead of the First Day; "According to the Commandment". [48] This tract led to the conversion of John Nevins Andrews and other Adventist families in Paris, Maine, as well as the 1845 conversion of Joseph Bates, who became the foremost proponent of the sabbath among this group. These men in turn convinced James Springer White, Ellen Harmon (later White), and Hiram Edson of New Hampshire.[49] Preble is known to have kept seventh-day sabbath until mid-1847. He later repudiated the sabbath and opposed the Seventh-day Adventists, authoring The First-Day Sabbath. Bates proposed an 1846 meeting among the believers in New Hampshire and Port Gibson, which took place at Edson's farm, where Edson and other Port Gibson believers readily accepted the sabbath message and forged an alliance with Bates, White, and Harmon. Between April 1848 and December 1850, 22 sabbath conferences in New York and 4/21/2019 Sabbath in seventh-day churches - Wikipedia https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabbath_in_seventh-day_churches 13/25 New England allowed White, Bates, Edson, and Stephen Pierce to reach conclusions about doctrinal issues.[50] Also in 1846, a pamphlet written by Bates created widespread interest in the sabbath. Bates, White, Harmon, Edson, Wheeler, and S. W. Rhodes led the promotion of the sabbath, partly through regular publications.[51] Present Truth magazine was largely devoted to the sabbath at first.[52] In 1851, Adventists taught that the sabbath begins at 6PM Friday, and not at sunset, nor midnight, nor sunrise:[53] The Adventists held a conference at Battle Creek, Mich., Nov. 16, 1855. At this conference, they voted to accept J.N. Andrews's decision that the Sabbath begins at sunset: It is clear, therefore, from Scripture testimony that every day commences at 6 o’clock, and not at sunset, nor at midnight, as many contend, nor yet at sunrise as some others believe. Therefore the Sabbath commences at 6 P. M. on what is called Friday. Every hour and minute of it is sanctified time, “holy to the Lord, and holy to those who keep it. (ARSH April 21 1851, p71.7) A division among them was arising over this question. So Elder J. N. Andrews, the best scholar they then had, was requested to study the subject and present his conclusion 4/21/2019 Sabbath in seventh-day churches - Wikipedia wiki/Sabbath_in_seventh-day_churches 14/25 Ever since that conference, the Adventists have been teaching that the Sabbath is from sunset Friday to sunset Saturday. [54] Adventists have forever settled the matter of when the Sabbath begins, by voting at the 1855 conference to change the Sabbath from starting at 6PM Friday to starting at sunset Friday. The "sunset Friday to sunset Saturday" sabbath was confirmed by Ellen White having a vision in which an angel told her, "From even unto even, shall ye celebrate your sabbath."[55] to the conference held at Battle Creek, Mich., Nov. 16, 1855. This he did, and decided that sunset was the Scriptural time to begin the Sabbath. The conference voted to accept his view.... “Then, four days after Andrews and the conference had settled it, Mrs. White had a vision in which an angel told her that sunset was the right time!!! ... In that vision she complained to the angel and asked for an explanation. She says: ‘I inquired why it had been thus, that at this late day we must change the time of commencing the Sabbath. Said the angel, “Ye shall understand, but not yet, not yet.”’ (‘Test., ’ Vol. I., p. 116). The vision set Ellen White and Joseph Bates straight, and they accepted the vision wholeheartedly. The matter of the time to commence the Sabbath was forever settled— settled on the basis of Bible study, confirmed by vision. It 4/21/2019 Sabbath in seventh-day churches - Wikipedia https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabbath_in_seventh-day_churches 15/25 J. N. Andrews was the first Adventist to write a book-length defense of the sabbath, first published in 1861. Two of Andrews' books include Testimony of the Fathers of the First Three Centuries Concerning the Sabbath and the First Day[56] and History of the Sabbath. [57] Eschatology See also: Seventh-day Adventist eschatology The pioneers of the church have traditionally taught that the seventhday sabbath will be a test, leading to the sealing of God's people during the end times, though there is little consensus about how this will play out. The church has clearly taught that there will be an international Sunday law enforced by a coalition of religious and secular authorities, and that all who do not observe it will be persecuted, imprisoned or martyred. This is taken from the church's interpretation, following Ellen G. White, of Daniel 7:25 , Revelation 13:15 , Revelation 7 , Ezekiel 20:12-20 , and Exodus 31:13 . Where the subject of persecution appeared in prophecy, it was thought to be about the sabbath. Some early Adventists were jailed for working on Sunday, in violation of various local blue laws that legislated Sunday as a day of rest. Armstrongism Main article: Armstrongism was indeed a significant experience in God's leadings (1 BIO 324.8) 4/21/2019 Sabbath in seventh-day churches - Wikipedia https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabbath_in_seventh-day_churches 16/25 Seventh-day Sabbatarianism was a key feature of the former Worldwide Church of God, founded by Herbert W. Armstrong, and its various descendant movements. Armstrong, who began the Radio Church of God, was in 1931 ordained by the Oregon Conference of the Church of God (Seventh Day), an Adventist group, and began serving a congregation in Eugene, Oregon. The broadcast was essentially a condensed church service on the air, with hymn singing featured along with Armstrong's message, and was the launching point for what would become the Worldwide Church of God. Other groups The True Jesus Church supports the seventh-day sabbath, and it has approximately two million members worldwide. Early church worker Ling-Sheng Zhang accepted the sabbath after studying Seventh-day Adventist theology, and co-worker Paul Wei was originally a Seventh-day Adventist. An American missionary named Berntsen, who was from a sabbath-keeping Church of God, was also influential among the church workers. Other minor Sabbatarian churches include: The Seventh-day Remnant Church[58] Church of God (7th Day), headquartered in Salem, West Virginia. Church of God (Seventh Day) Logos Apostolic Church of God, in the UK, Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, and Sudan[59] 4/21/2019 Sabbath in seventh-day churches - Wikipedia https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabbath_in_seventh-day_churches 17/25 Sabbath Rest Advent Church House of Yahweh 7th Day, headquartered in Clyde, Texas. Assembly of Yahweh 7th Day, formed in Holt, Michigan. Assemblies of Yahweh, headquartered in Bethel, Pennsylvania. Seventh Day Adventist Reform Movement, formed as the result of a schism within the Seventh-day Adventist Church in Europe during World War I over the position its European church leaders took on Sabbath observance and in committing Seventh-day Adventist Church members to the bearing of arms in military service for Germany in the war.[60] Subbotniks, branches of Spiritual Christians in and from Russia International Date Line as affecting calculations of series of days for travellers and resident Sabbath-keepers Christian views on the Old Covenant Messianic Judaism Restorationism Sabbath in Christianity Sabbath Rest Advent Church The Seventh-day Remnant Church Sherbert v. Verner See also 4/21/2019 Sabbath in seventh-day churches - Wikipedia https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabbath_in_seventh-day_churches 18/25 1. Catholic Encyclopedia , New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1913, retrieved June 28, 2015 2. Fakes, Dennis R. (1994). Exploring Our Lutheran Liturgy. CSS Publishing. p. 28. ISBN 9781556735967. 3. Canon of Holy Saturday, Kontakion: "Exceeding blessed is this Sabbath, on which Christ has slumbered, to rise on the third day." 4. Binns, John (November 28, 2016). The Orthodox Church of Ethiopia: A History. I.B.Tauris. p. 81. ISBN 9781786720375. "The king presided, overruled the bishops who were committed to the more usual position that Sunday only was a holy day, and decreed that the Sabbatarian teaching of the northern monks became the position of the church." 5. Roth, Randolph A. (April 25, 2002). The Democratic Dilemma: Religion, Reform, and the Social Order in the Connecticut River Valley of Vermont, 1791-1850. Cambridge University Press. p. 171. ISBN 9780521317733. "Except for the strong support of Episcopalians in Windsor and Woodstock, the Sabbatarians found their appeal limited almost exclusively to Congregationalists and Presbyterians, some of whom did not fear state action on religious matters of interdenominational concern." 6. Heyck, Thomas (September 27, 2013). A History of the Peoples of the British Isles: From 1688 to 1914. Taylor & Francis. p. 251. ISBN 9781134415205. "Yet the degree of overlap between the middle class and nonconformity-Baptists, Congregregationalists, Wesleyan References 4/21/2019 Sabbath in seventh-day churches - Wikipedia https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabbath_in_seventh-day_churches 19/25 Methodists, Quakers, Presbyterians, and Unitarians-was substantial. ... Most nonconformist denominations ...frowned on drink, dancing, and the theater, and they promoted Sabbatarianism (the policy of prohibiting trade and public recreation on Sundays)." 7. Vugt, William E. Van (2006). British Buckeyes: The English, Scots, and Welsh in Ohio, 1700-1900. Kent State University Press. p. 55. ISBN 9780873388436. "As predominantly Methodists and other nonconformists, British immigrants were pietists, committed to conversion and the reform of society. They did not separate religion from civil government, bur rather integrated right belief with right behavior. Therefore they embraced reform movements, most notably temperance and abolitionism, as well as Sabbatarian laws." 8. O'Brien, Glen; Carey, Hilary M. (March 3, 2016). Methodism in Australia: A History. Routledge. p. 83. ISBN 9781317097099. "Sabbatarianism: For the non-Anglican Protestants of colonial Queensland (Methodists, Presbyterians, Congregationalists and Baptists), desecration of the Sabbath was one of the great sins of the late nineteenth century." 9. Williamson, G. I. (1978). The Westminster Confession of Faith for Study Classes. Presbyterian and Reformed. pp. 170, 173. 10. Bacchiocchi, Samuele (2000) [1977]. From Sabbath to Sunday: A Historical Investigation of the Rise of Sunday Observance in Early Christianity . Biblical perspectives. 1 (17 ed.). Pontifical Gregorian University Press. ISBN 9781930987005. Retrieved February 25, 2019. 11. http://www.biblicalperspectives.com/books/sabbath_to_sunday/ 12. Justin, Dialogue With Trypho 24, ANF, 1:206. 4/21/2019 Sabbath in seventh-day churches - Wikipedia https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabbath_in_seventh-day_churches 20/25 13. "Buy Domains - practicalrighteousness.com is for sale!" . BuyDomains.com. 14. Robinson, Rich (2014). Christ in the Sabbath . Moody Publishers. ISBN 9780802491169. Retrieved February 25, 2019. "On March 3, 321, Constantine put into law a requirement that there be public rest from work on Sundays, except for those engaged in farming. [...] But Constantine called [Sunday] the 'day of the sun' and it is hard to figure out just why he promulgated this law." 15. Bauckham, R. J. (1982). "Sabbath and Sunday in the Post-Apostolic Church". In Carson, Don A (ed.). From Sabbath to Lord's Day. Wipf & Stock Publishers/Zondervan. pp. 252–98. ISBN 978-1-57910-307-1. 16. Franz Cumont, Astrology and Religion Among the Greeks and Romans (reprint; New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1960), pp. 55, 56 17. Source: Codex Justinianus, lib. 3, tit. 12, 3; trans. in Philip Schaff, History of the Christian Church, Vol. 3 (5th ed.; New York: Scribner, 1902), p. 380, note 1. 18. Ayer, Joseph Cullen (1913). A Source Book for Ancient Church History. 2.1.1.59g. New York City: Charles Scribner's Sons. pp. 284–5. 19. Webster, Hutton (1916) [1911]. Rest Days: A Study in Early Law and Morality (2 ed.). Macmillan. p. 122, 123, 270. Retrieved February 25, 2019. 20. Ignatius. "Epistle to the Magnesians" . 9. Early Christian Writings. 21. Ignatius. "Epistle to the Magnesians" . 9. Christian Classics Ethereal Library. "Let us therefore no longer keep the Sabbath after the Jewish manner, and rejoice in days of idleness .... But let every one of you keep 4/21/2019 Sabbath in seventh-day churches - Wikipedia https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabbath_in_seventh-day_churches 21/25 the Sabbath after a spiritual manner, rejoicing in meditation on the law, not in relaxation of the body, admiring the workmanship of God, and not eating things prepared the day before, nor using lukewarm drinks, and walking within a prescribed space, nor finding delight in dancing and plaudits which have no sense in them. And after the observance of the Sabbath, let every friend of Christ keep the Lord's [Day, Dominicam] as a festival, the resurrection-day, the queen and chief of all the days." 22. Guy, Fritz. "The Lord's Day" in the Letter of Ignatius to the Magnesians . La Sierra College. 23. Socrates Scholasticus. "Church History, Book V" . 24. Sozomen. "Ecclesiastical History, Book VII" . 25. White, Ellen G. The Great Controversy . p. 53. 26. White, Ellen Gould (2017) [1888]. "3: An Era of Spiritual Darkness". In Uyl, Anthony (ed.). The Great Controversy . Woodstock, Ontario: Lulu.com. p. 22. ISBN 9781773560137. Retrieved February 25, 2019. "But while many God-fearing Christians were gradually led to regard Sunday as possessing a degree of sacredness, they still held the true Sabbath as the holy of the Lord and observed it in obedience to the fourth commandment." 27. "Sabbath in Africa Project" . 28. Bradford, Charles E. Sabbath Roots: The African Connection . Ministerial Association of Seventh-day Adventists. Archived from the original on October 2, 2009. Reviewed in Adventist Review http://www.adventistreview.org/2000-05/story1-1.html . Missing or empty |title= (help) 4/21/2019 Sabbath in seventh-day churches - Wikipedia https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabbath_in_seventh-day_churches 22/25 29. "Sabbath observance rooted in Africa, says Adventist historian" . Adventist News Network. 30. Taddesse Tamrat, Church and State in Ethiopia (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1972), pp. 206f 31. Hastings, Adrian (1994). The Church in Africa: 1450–1950. Oxford History of the Christian Church. Oxford University Press. 32. Perry, Frederic (1899). The Redemption of Africa: A Story of Civilization. Revell. 33. Geddes, Michael (1894). Church History of Ethiopia. pp. 87–8. 34. Cox, Robert (1864). The Literature of the Sabbath Question. 2. Maclachlan and Stewart. pp. 201–2. 35. von Doellinger, Johann Joseph Ignaz (1890). Beitrage zur Sektengeschichte des Mittelalters [Reports on the History of the Sects of the Middle Ages] (2d ed.). Munich. p. 661. 36. Bauckham, R.J. (1982). "Sabbath and Sunday in the Protestant Tradition". In Carson, Don A (ed.). From Sabbath to Lord's Day. Wipf & Stock Publishers/Zondervan. pp. 311–42. ISBN 978-1-57910-307-1. 37. Brackney, William H. Baptists in North America: An Historical Perspective. Blackwell Publishing. p. 11. ISBN 1405118644. 38. "Seventh-day Adventist Church Yearbook 2016" (PDF). Office of Archives, Statistics and Research. General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists. Retrieved July 27, 2017. 39. "The Sabbath :: The Official Site of the Seventh-day Adventist world church" . www.adventist.org. 4/21/2019 Sabbath in seventh-day churches - Wikipedia https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabbath_in_seventh-day_churches 23/25 40. "Seventh-day Adventist Fundamental Beliefs, #20" . 41. "Seventh-day Adventist Fundamental Beliefs #19" . 42. The seventh of the Thirty-Nine Articles of the Church of England states, "Although the law given from God by Moses, as touching ceremonies and rites, do not bind Christian men, nor the civil precepts thereof ought of necessity to be received in any commonwealth; yet, notwithstanding, no Christian man whatsoever is free from the obedience of the commandments which are called moral." 43. "Frederick Wheeler 1811-1910" . whiteestate.org. Retrieved January 26, 2015. 44. Light Bearers. "Probably in the early spring of 1844." 45. Edward G. 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Further reading External links 4/21/2019 Sabbath in seventh-day churches - Wikipedia https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabbath_in_seventh-day_churches 25/25 Wikisource has original text related to this article: Elihu on the Sabbath Sabbath articles from the Biblical Research Institute "Sabbath and the New Covenant " by Roy Gane An Exegetical Overview of Col. 2:13-17: With Implications for SDA Understanding by Jon Paulien Guidelines for Sabbath Observance , document voted by the General Conference Session of 1990 Sabbath articles as cataloged in the Seventh-day Adventist Periodical Index (SDAPI; see also Sabbath articles in the ASDAL guide)